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Nutrition in Different Age Groups Nutrition is a part of science that studies, as well as analyzes and interprets, the relational effect of nutrient in food and other food substances to the growth, life and health maintenance, reproduction, and diseases of people and also of living organisms. Food digestion, absorption and assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion are processes that are taken up also in nutrition. The food intake or diet of a person represents the kinds of food he/she eats, and which is determined by the availability of the food, how the food was processed or prepared, and how good the food was. To have a healthy diet, food must be well-stored and properly prepared and cooked so that the food nutrients are preserved and are kept from being oxidized or from being spoiled from heat or leaching or from food poisoning. Nutrients that are organically derived are made up of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and amino acids, and vitamins, as well as water, oxygen, and minerals. It has been studied and observed that our dietary needs change as we age and this occurrence will continue through all the stages in life; therefore, the food nutrients will also be affected such that they undergo a relational adjustment as we grow older. It is not just the stages of age where the diet of people changes, but there are also factors that contribute in the dietary change, such as economic, psychological, and social aspects.
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Good and proper nutrition starts at the first six months of an infant, wherein nutritionists highly recommend that mothers breastfeed their babies with their breast milk since it is full of nutrients and antibodies which the babies need. After six months, solid food can already be given to the baby together with the mother’s breast milk.
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For the pre-school age group, the nutritional requirement progresses, such that the child’s diet must include carbohydrates, fruit and vegetables, milk and dairy foods, protein and good quality fats, as well as vitamins A, C, calcium, iron and zinc. As the child reaches school age which is until the teen years, this necessitates the proper feeding of a healthy, balanced diet of nutrients to be able to maintain a healthy lifestyle. What is recommended for this age group is a proportional balanced diet of complete nutrients, including calcium, iron and protein with vitamin supplements, and must be found in any of the three meals each day – breakfast, lunch, dinner. As we enter adulthood, the majority of our body’s growth and development will be over and the gradual slowing down requires a shift more on adult nutrition to maintain a physically active life. Food intake, at this age level, are smaller in proportions even if taken during mealtimes and snack foods must be limited to whole grain toast and fruits. Because the meal portions, at this age level, are eaten in smaller portions, it is suggested that large meals be cooked so that the rest of the food can be frozen and re-heat for the next meal. As we reach the elderly stage, our bodies will continue to change and will experience limitations in mobility, and this is a factor that can hamper the continued maintenance of balanced nutrition, since the restricted mobility can result into not being able to buy the right ingredients and, more so, cook a balanced meal. It is, therefore, recommended to buy food, that are already pre-cooked and are equally nutritious, and can be frozen at a long period of time, so that small portions of it can be taken as the need arises.